Considering this expensive equipment was generally only available in hospitals, psychologists sought cooperation with neurologists. In his work on memory, Vives found that the more closely one attends to stimuli, the better they will be retained.īy the 1990s, psychologists began using positron emission tomography (PET) and later functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to image the brain while monitoring tasks involving attention. Psychologist John B. Watson calls Juan Luis Vives the father of modern psychology because, in his book De Anima et Vita ( The Soul and Life), he was the first to recognize the importance of empirical investigation. Thus, many of the discoveries in the field of attention were made by philosophers. Prior to the founding of psychology as a scientific discipline, attention was studied in the field of philosophy. Such exploration is both ancient and continually relevant, as it can have effects in fields ranging from mental health and the study of disorders of consciousness to artificial intelligence and its domains of research. The relationships between attention and consciousness are complex enough that they have warranted perennial philosophical exploration. A relatively new body of research, which expands upon earlier research within psychopathology, is investigating the diagnostic symptoms associated with traumatic brain injury and its effects on attention. Areas of active investigation involve determining the source of the sensory cues and signals that generate attention, the effects of these sensory cues and signals on the tuning properties of sensory neurons, and the relationship between attention and other behavioral and cognitive processes, which may include working memory and psychological vigilance. Īttention remains a crucial area of investigation within education, psychology, neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology. Attention is manifested by an attentional bottleneck, in term of the amount of data the brain can process each second for example, in human vision, only less than 1% of the visual input data (at around one megabyte per second) can enter the bottleneck, leading to inattentional blindness. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence." Attention has also been described as the allocation of limited cognitive processing resources. William James (1890) wrote that "Attention is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether considered subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information.
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